The PATH global environment variable is a special variable that tells your system where to look for valid, executable commands when you type them in the terminal. By default, it contains standard directories that normally store executables like /usr/bin, /usr/local/bin, and so on. These directories contain common commands like ls, cd, cp, and others that you can use without specifying their full path. You can also add your own directories to the PATH variable if you want to run custom commands from anywhere.
To add a directory to the PATH variable, you can use the export command in the terminal. For example, if you want to add the directory /home/user/mycommands to the PATH variable, you can type:
```bash
export PATH=$PATH:/home/user/mycommands
```
This will append the new directory to the end of the existing PATH variable. You can also use the = sign to overwrite the PATH variable completely, but this is not recommended as it may cause some commands to stop working. To check the current value of the PATH variable, you can use the echo command:
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```bash
echo $PATH
```
This will print the list of directories separated by colons. Note that the changes you make to the PATH variable using the export command are only temporary and will be lost when you close the terminal. To make them permanent, you need to edit a configuration file such as /.bashrc or /.profile and add the export command there.
Environment variables can be either global or local. Global environment variables are available to all processes and users on the system, while local environment variables are only available to a specific process or user. The PATH variable is an example of a global environment variable, as it affects how all users and processes find executable commands. Local environment variables are usually set by specific programs or scripts for their own purposes. For example, when you run a Python script, it may set a local environment variable called PYTHONPATH to tell Python where to look for modules and packages. You can use the set command to see all the local environment variables in your current shell.
To see all the global environment variables, you can use the env command in the terminal. This will print a list of key-value pairs, such as PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin and so on. You can also use the printenv command to print a specific global environment variable, such as printenv PATH. Note that some global environment variables may be inherited from the local environment variables of the parent process that launched the terminal.
Some other common environment variables are:
- HOME: This variable contains the path to your home directory, such as /home/user. You can use it to access your files and folders without typing the full path.
- USER: This variable contains your username, such as user. You can use it to identify yourself or to create files and directories with your name.
- SHELL: This variable contains the path to your default shell, such as /bin/bash. You can use it to change your shell or to run commands in a specific shell.
- LANG: This variable contains the language and encoding settings for your system, such as en_US.UTF-8. You can use it to change the language or the character set of your terminal and programs.
- PS1: This variable contains the prompt string that is displayed before each command in your terminal, such as user@host:$. You can use it to customize your prompt with colors, symbols, or other information. 0efd9a6b88
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